Here are English study for Electric Knowledge, for your reference,

A. Process 施工工艺： Conduiting → cabling → installation of lighting fixtures, switches, sockets → power on and commisioning

配管 → 配线 → 安装灯具、开关、插座 → 送电调试

B. Construction notice 施工要点：

Ø Surface PVC conduit and pipe in ceiling and recessed PVC conduit and pipe in floor along walls will be provided to the project. Conduiting, which serves to civil works, HVAC and water supply and drainage, should be arranged according to drawings and can not be changed freely. Construction should comply to process standard of national acceptance regulation.

本工程管线敷设为吊顶内明敷设PVC管及电管和沿墙地坪内暗配PVC管和电管。配管必须与土建、暖通和给排水专业密切配合，按图施工，不得随意变动，施工中必须按照国家验收规范有关工艺标准施工。

Ø Surface conduit and recessed conduit will be adopted in the project. Conduits should be connected tightly to assure no water leakage. Electrical pipe should be thread connected. Mouth of conduit should be smooth and equipped with protection mouth. PVC conduit should be connected by sleeving and should be 1.5 to 3 times longer than external diameter of connecting conduit.

本工程均为吊顶明管敷设和暗管敷设。管路连接应牢靠，接头严密，不得有渗露水现象。电管必须丝扣连接，管口应光滑无毛刺，护口齐全，PVC管应用套管连接，套管长度为连接管外径的1.5-3倍。

Ø Bending radium of surface conduit should be 4 times no less than its external diameter and bending radium of recessed conduit should be 6 times no less than its external diameter. There is no obvious wrinkle caused by bending. Surface conduit and support should be fixed strongly and arranged into order. Mouth of conduit should be laid levelly. Conduit should not be inserted into box obliquely and the length in the box should be no more than 5mm. Conduit should be fixed by nut.

明配管R半径不得小于外径的4倍，暗配管弯曲半径不得小于管外径的6倍。管子弯曲处应无明显皱折。明配管及其支架应平滑牢固，排列整齐。管口平直，管子进入箱盒内不得斜插，长度不得超过5毫米，用丝纳子锁固。

Ø All the boxes are not allowed to open holes by electrogas welding.

各种箱盒严禁电气焊开孔。

Ø It is noted that boxes should not be installed on marble table and behind doors and their height are same as each other. Lighting switches and sockets should be installed at same position of rooms, of which the error should be within 2mm.

各种箱盒埋设应注意，不应装在大理石台面上、标高一致，不得装于门后，灯具开关、插座等应安在室内上下同一位置，坐标的误差不得大于2毫米。

Ø Steel frame or special hanger frame should be strengthened for installation of lighting on ceiling. Lighting fixtures should be installed without gap at joint and they will be kept clean.

吊顶上的灯具安装应加强龙骨框架或专用吊架。灯具安装无缝隙，内外清洁。

Ø Switch controls neutral line, and phase line of screw holder is connected to power. Left point of socket should be connected to neutral line, right point to phase line and upper point to earth. Height of light should be lower than 2.4m, and the metal shell should be connected to earth well. Light switches, sockets should be fixed without damage and deforming. 

开关应控制相线，螺口灯头相线接顶心，插头安装接线为面对插座左零右相上接地。灯具安装底于2.4米，其金属外壳必须可靠接地。灯具开关、插座安装牢固，无损伤变形等。

Ø Power DB should be installed securely at right position with all parts. The holes should be opened properly on the box and prohibit to open holes by electrogas welding. The conduit inside box should be level and fixed by nut. Screw should be connected to earth well and 2 to 4 pieces of it can be outside.

配电箱安装位置正确，部件齐全，安装牢固。箱体开孔适当、严禁电气焊开孔，进入箱体的管口平齐，用纳子锁牢固，丝扣外露2-4扣为宜，接地可靠。

Ø Box should be clean inside and outside with good painting. Wires should be arranged into order and bounded. Connection of wires should be right and fixed, meanwhile, spare wires should be kept. Number of card should be completed. The boxes should be installed with error no more than 1.5mm.

箱体应内外清洁，油漆完整。导线成束整齐，连接线路正确牢固，留有适当余线，卡片框编号齐全，箱体安装横平竖直，允许偏差不大于1.5毫米。

Ø Joint and connection of wires inside conduit is not allowed when they are threaded through conduit. Stranded copper core should be connected to equipments. Wires less than 6mm2 can be put like shape of screw eye and then coated by tin. Single-stranded copper core can be provided fire retardant safety wire joint or tin coat. Bobbin used by wire joint should be crimping tools of 3 point crimping type. Tin coat should be smooth, no damage to insulated layer of wire. Color of wire threaded through conduit: phase line is yellow and green; single phase is red; neutral is blue; earthing line is two-tone colored wire of yellow and green.

管内穿线严禁在管内接头，导线有连接，多股铜芯线应用铜线与设备连接，6平方毫米以下可做 “羊眼圈”状再刷锡。单股铜芯线可采用阻燃型安全压线帽或刷锡。压线帽使用的压线轴必须是专用配套的“三点抱压式”压接钳。刷锡应饱满、光滑、无损伤导线 绝缘层。穿线时的导线色标为：相线为黄、绿色；单相用红色为宜；零线为单兰色；接地线为黄、绿双色线。

Ø Compensating unit should be provided when wires thread through settlement joint and expansion joint of building. Insulation resistance between wire and earth should be no less than 0.5ΩM.

电气管线穿过建筑物的沉降和伸缩缝采用补偿装置。导线之间对地的绝缘电阻不能小于0.5ΩM。

Ø Materials and equipments to be used should be provided with texture specification and certificate of qualification.

对所有使用材料设备等要有材质证明和产品合格证书方可使用。

Ø Construction workers should be provided training about security and technology. Electrician should have qualified license.

对施工人员要进行安全和技术培训，电气作业人员必须持证上岗。

u Installation of common lighting fixtures 普通灯具安装：

1、Lighting fixtures should be fixed according to following regulations

灯具的固定应符合下列规定：

（1）、When the weight of light is more than 3kg, it should be fixed by screw or embedded lifting hook.

灯具重量大于3KG时，固定在螺栓或预埋吊钩上。

（2）、When weight of soft core light is less than 0.5kg, it should be hung by its soft wire. When the weight of soft core light is over 0.5kg, it will hung by sling chain with soft wire inside it so that the wire will be free from force.

软线吊灯，灯具重量在0.5KG以下时，采用软电线自身吊装，大于0.5KG的灯具采用吊链，且软电线编叉在吊链内，使电线不受力。

（3）、Lighting fixture should not be fixed by wood screw. Screws or bolts used to fix lighting fixtures should be no less than 2 pieces. When insulated radium is less than 75mm, lighting fixture should be fixed by one screw or bolt.

灯具固定牢靠，不准使用木锲。每个灯具固定用螺钉或螺栓不少于2个，当绝缘台径在75mm及以下时，采用一个螺钉或螺栓固定。

（4）、Diameter of round steel of flower light’s hanging hook should be no less than that of hanger tenon and 6mm. Test of installing light twice heavier than flower light should be done before installation of large flower light.

花灯吊钩圆钢直径不应小于灯具挂销直径，且不应小于6mm。大型花灯的固定及悬吊装置，应按灯具重量的2倍做过载试验。

（5）、When steel pipe is used as lamppost, interior diameter should be no less than 10mm and thickness no less than 1.5mm.

当钢管做灯杆时，钢管内径不应小于10mm，钢管厚度不应小于1.5mm。

2、When height of lighting fixture is less than 2.4m, lighting fixture should be connected to earth well with special earthing bold and marks.

当灯具距地面高度小于2.4M时，灯具必须接地（PE）可靠，并应有专业的接地螺栓，且有标识。

3、Shell, lamp holder and wire connection of lighting fixture should comply to requirements goes as follows.

灯具的外性、灯头及其接线应符合下列要求。

（1）、Lighting fixture with full parts, no damage or deformation and no defects of coats flaking off or lamp shade tears.

灯具及其配件齐全，无机械损伤、变形、图层剥落和灯罩破裂等缺陷。

（2）、Protection joint should be provided on the both end of soft wire of hanging light. Core wire of both end should be coated tin. Plastic soft tube and safety lamp holder should be used during riser installation.

软线吊灯的软线两端做保护扣，两端芯线搪锡，当装升降器时，套塑料软管，采用安全灯头。

（3）、Insulated shell of light holder is not damaged and electricity leakage. The handle of switch has no metal part exposed in air.

灯头的绝缘外壳不破损和漏电，带有开关的灯头。开关手柄无裸露的金属部分。

4、Light should not be installed over HV&LV power distribution equipments and screw wire in substation.

变电所内，高低压配电设备及螺母线的正上方不应安装灯具。

5、Base and support of spot light should be fixed strongly. King journal should be screwed up and fixed in ray axis direction.

投光灯的底座及支架应固定牢固，枢轴应沿需要的光轴方向拧紧固定。

6、Exterior wall fitting should be provided water discharging hole. Water proof device should be provided to insulation table and wall.

安装在室外的壁灯应有泄水孔，绝缘台与墙面之间应有防水措施。

u Special light installation 专用灯具安装：

Light installation should comply to following requirements:

灯具安装应符合下列规定：

（1）、Besides normal power, another spare power or power produced by diesel oil generator or accumulator will be provided to emergency light. Emergency light with its own power is another choice.

应急照明灯的电源除正常电源外，另有一路电源供电；或者是独立于正常电源的柴油发电机组供电；或由蓄电池柜供电或选用自带电源型应急灯具；

（2）、Escape lighting consists of exit light and escape legend. Height of exit light is no less than 2m and should be installed at escaping exit and upper parts of staircase.

疏散照明由安全出口标志灯和疏散标志灯组成。安全出口标志灯距地高度不低于2m，且安装在疏散出口和楼梯口里侧的上方；

（3）、Escape legend should be installed on the top of safe exit and within 1m on the wall of staircase, escaping corridor and corner. It can be installed on the upper part when the place is not easy to install. Distance between escape legend over escape corridor should be no more than 20m (distance in civil defence should be no more than 10m)

疏散标志灯安装在安全出口的顶部，楼梯间、疏散走道及其转角处应安装在1m以下的墙面上。不易安装的部位可安装在上部。疏散通道上的标志灯间距不大于20m（人防工程不大于10m）；

（4）、Position of escape legend should assure passing smoothly and will not be confused by other marks.

疏散标志灯的设置，不影响正常通行，且不在其周围设置容易混同疏散标志灯的其它标志牌等；

（5）、Separate emergency light circuit should exist in emergency light wiring. Wire pass through different fire prevent areas should be provided fire prevention mesure.

应急照明线路在每个防火分区有独立的应急照明回路，穿越不同防火分区的线路有防火隔堵措施；

（6）、Fire-resisting wire, cable will be used as escaping light wiring. Wire will thread surface conduit or recessed rigid conduit inside inflammable material. Thickness of protection layer should be no more than 30mm. Copper core insulated wire with rate voltage no less than 750V will be used.

疏散照明线路采用耐火电线、电缆，穿管明敷或在非燃烧体内穿刚性导管暗敷，暗敷保护层厚度不小于30mm。电线采用额定电压不低于750V的铜芯绝缘电线。

u Power on and test run of lighting 照明通电试运行：

1、Control of lighting circuit should be same as marks of lighting power DB when lighting system is power on. Switch should match sequence of lighting fixture control. Direction turn and speed regulating switch of fan should work well.

照明系统通电，灯具回路控制应与照明配电箱及回路的标识一致；开关与灯具控制顺序相对应，风扇的转向及调速开关应正常。

2、Power should be 24h supplied to lighting system of public building and 8h supplied to civil building. All light fitting should be power on and record should be taken every 2h. There should be no faults in continuous running.

公用建筑物照明系统通电连续运行时间应为24h，民用住宅照明系统通电连续运行时间应为8h。所有照明灯具均应开启，且每2h记录运行状态1次，连续运行时间内无故障。

 

u Installation of switches and sockets 开关、插座安装

一、Wiring of socket should comply to following regulations插座接线应符合下列规范：

1、Left pole and upper pole of single phase 2 pole socket should connect to phase line and right pole and under pole should connect to neutral; right pole of single phase 3 pole socket should connect to phase line and left pole should connect to neutral line.

单相两插座，面对插座的右孔或上孔相线连接，左孔或下孔与零线连接；单相三孔插座，面队插座的右孔与相线连接，左孔与零线连接；

2、PE or PEN line should connect to upper pole of single phase 3 pole socket, 3 phase 4 pole socket and 3 phase 6 pole socket. Earthing connector of socket will not connect to neutral connector. 3 phase socket at the same place connect wires in same way.

单相三孔、三相四孔及三相五孔插座的接地（PE）或接零（PEN）线接在上孔。插座的接地端子不与零线端子连接。同一场所用的三相插座，接线的相序一致；

3、PE or PEN line is not allowed to connect in series between sockets.

接地（PE）或接零（PEN）线在插座间不串联连接；

4、Recessed socket panel stick to wall tightly without gap around it. Surface of it is smooth, no cracks, scratched and with all decorated bolt.

暗装的插座面板紧贴墙面，四周无缝隙，安装牢固，表面光滑整洁、无碎裂、划伤，装饰帽齐全；

5、Floor socket panel is parallel to floor or stick to floor tightly. Cover is fixed tightly and sealed.

地插座面板与地面齐平或紧贴地面，盖板固定牢固，密封良好；

6、Height of sockets in same room should be same.

同一室内插座安装高度一致。

二、Installation of lighting switches should comply to following regulations照明开关安装应符合下列规定：

（1）、Switches in one building should choose one series of products. Switches in good condition should be same and control easily.

同一建筑物、构筑物的开关采用同一系列的产品，开关的通断位置一致，操作灵活、接触可靠；

（2）、Location of switches should be easy to use. Edge of switch should be 0.15~0.2m away from door frame and 1.3m away from floor. Ceiling switch should be 2~3m from floor, however, when the height of room is less than 3m, ceiling switch should be away from ceiling no less than 100mm and the switch should be downward vertically.

开关安装位置便于操作，开关边缘距门框边缘的距离0.15~0.2m，开关距地面高度1.3m；拉线开关距地面高度2~3m，层高小于3m时，拉线开关距顶板不小于100mm，拉线出口垂直向下；

（3）、Switches of same type should be installed together and height should be same in one room. Control of switch should be in order. Ceiling switch of parallel installation should be more than 20mm away from each other.

相同型号并列安装及同一室内开关高度一致，且控制有序不错位。并列安装的拉线开关的相邻间距不小于20mm；

（4）Recessed socket panel stick to wall tightly without gap around it. Surface of it is smooth, no cracks, scratched and with all decorated bolt.

暗装的开关面板应紧贴墙面，四周无缝隙，安装牢固、表面光滑整洁、无碎裂、划伤，装饰帽齐全。

 

u Indoor water supply system 室内给水系统

Ø Pipes connecting water tank in basement and connecting pumps and water tank on roof are composite metal plastic pipes and threaded connection. Other pipes are PP-R pipe and pipe fittings with thermal connection. PP-R pipe and pipe fitting should be 2.0MPa pipes.

地下室水箱间与生活泵至屋顶水箱之管材采用钢塑复合管及管件丝扣连接；其余给水管材均采用PP-R管及管件，热熔连接。PP-R管及管件选用2.0MPa管材。

Ø Interior water supply valve whose DN>50 should be butterfly valve or gate valve. Valve whose P=1.0MPa and DN≤50 should be ball valve.

室内给水阀门DN＞50采用蝶阀或闸阀，P=1.0MPa；DN≤50采用球阀。

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Ø Pipes in outdoor ceiling should be polyurethane flexible pipe insulated by aluminum foil. Thickness of insulated layer: when DN>50, it should be 40mm; when DN≤50, it should be 30mm. Details refer to O3S401 and 87S159.

吊顶室内外，屋顶外露部分管道采用聚氨脂软管外包夹筋铝箔保温，保温层厚度：当DN＞50时为40mm；当DN≤50时为30mm。做法详见O3S401，87S159。

Ø Test pressure of domestic water supply should be 1.1MPa; Water supply for fire fighting should be 1.2MPa.

生活给水管的试验压力为1.1MPa；消防给水管的试验压力为1.2MPa。

Ø Fire hydrant system and sprinkling system should be connected by galvanized steel pipe of threaded connection. Slope of transverse sprinkling pipe should be 0.2%, and pipe should be water release riser. Sprinkler head should be connected by DN25. Pressure gauge will be put in front of water release valve. Installation of wet-test alarm valve refers to collective drawings 89SS175 of national standard 89SS175.

消火栓系统与喷淋系统管材采用热镀锌钢管丝扣连接。喷淋横管坡度为0.2%，坡向放水立管。喷头连接支管为DN25，放水阀前设压力表。湿试报警阀安装详见国标图集89SS175。

Ø Installation of valve should comply to item 3.2.4 and 3.2.5 in GB50242-2002.

阀门安装应按《GB50242-2002》规范第3.2.4；3.2.5条规定安装。

Ø Installation of water supply pipe should comply to item 4.1.3；4.1.7；4.1.8；4.2.2；4.2.6；4.2.7 in GB50242-2002.

给水管道安装应按《GB50242-2002》规范第4.1.3；4.1.7；4.1.8；4.2.2；4.2.6；4.2.7条规定安装。

Ø Installation of indoor fire hydrant should comply to item 4.3.1；4.3.2；4.3.3 in GB50242-2002.

室内消火栓安装应按《GB50242-2002》规范第4.3.1；4.3.2；4.3.3条规定安装。

Ø Installation of connector of pipes should comply to item 3.3.15 in GB50242-2002.

管道接口应符合《GB50242-2002》规范第3.3.15条规定安装。

Ø Installation of hanging support of pipes should comply to item 3.3.7；3.3.8 in GB50242-2002.

管道吊支架安装应符合《GB50242-2002》规范第3.3.7；3.3.8条规定安装。

Ø Installation of water supply pipe and fittings should comply to item 4.2.1；4.2.2；4.2.3；4.2.4；4.2.5；4.2.6 in GB50242-2002.

给水管道及配件安装应符合《GB50242-2002》规范第4.2.1；4.2.2；4.2.3；4.2.4；4.2.5；4.2.6条规定安装。

 

u Indoor water drainage system 室内排水系统

Ø Water drainage system should be connected by PVC-U pipes and pipe fittings in adhesives way. Down pipe which is used PVC-U down pipe and fitting should be connected by rubber ring of R-R pipe socket. Water drainage riser should be connected with water drainage pipe by 2 elbows of 45°.

排水管材采用PVC-U排水管及管件粘接连接；雨水管采用PVC-U雨水管及管件，R-R承口橡胶圈连接，排水立管与排出管间连接采用两个45度弯头。

Ø Watering test should be done before water drainage pipe is embedded. Height of water should be not lower than upper edge of 1F sanitary or height of floor. Checking method: after water surface falls down after 15min of full water, fill up water again and observe it for 5min, if water surface does not fall not, no leakage of pipe and joint will be accepted.

隐蔽式埋地的排水管道在隐蔽前必须做灌水试验，其灌水高度应不低于底层卫生器具的上边缘或地面高度。检验方法：满水15min水面下降后，再灌满观察5min，液面不降，管道及接口无渗漏为合格。

Ø Slope of plastic transverse pipe for domestic waster water.

生活污水塑料管道横管坡度：

Caliber 管径（mm）	Standard Slope 标准坡度（‰）	Min Slope 最小坡度（‰）
50	25	12
75	15	8
110	12	6
160	7	4

 

Ø Expansion joint should be installed on plastic water drainage pipe according to design brief and its position. Expansion joints with interval no more than 4M will be provided with fire protection zone or fireproof covers Interval between should be no more than 4M.

排水塑料管必须按设计要求及位置装设伸缩节。伸缩节间距不大于4M。并设置防火圈或防火套。

Ø Main water drainage riser and level pipe should be provided through ball test. Diameter of ball should not be 2/3 times less than pipe diameter. And rate of through ball should be 100%.

排水主立管及水平干管均应做通球试验，通球球径不小于排水管管径的2/3，通球率应为100%。

Ø Check point should be set on water drainage riser each level. It should be set at lowest level and highest level which has sanitary fittings. Center of check point should be 1M above floor with error of +20mm. Direction of check point should easy for repair. Manhole should be installed at the check point when recessed riser is installed. Cleanout should be installed no less than 200mm away from wall. If cleanout is replaced by choke plug at start point of waster water pipe, it should be no less than 400mm away from wall.

排水立管上应每隔一层设置一个检查口，但在最低层和有卫生器具的最高层必须设置。检查口中心 高度距操作地面为1M，允许偏差+20mm，检查口的朝向应便于检修，暗装立管时在检查口处安装检修门。清扫口的安装与墙面距离不得小于200mm，若污 水管起点设置堵头代替清扫口时，与墙面距离不少于400mm。

Ø Water drainage aeration pipe should be 300mm higher than roof and it should be thicker than maximum of snow thickness.

排水通气管应高出屋面300mm，但必须大于最大积雪厚度。

Ø Hanging hook and bar clap on metal pipe should be fixed on load-carrying member. Fixed interval: transverse pipe should be shorter than 2M, riser should be no longer than 3M. When the height of storey is not higher than 4M, Fixed parts can be installed on riser. Abut or fixed fittings should be provided to angle branch on bottom of riser.

金属排水管上的吊钩或卡箍应固定在承重结构上。固定间距：横管不大于2M，立管不大于3M。楼层高度小于或等于4M时，立管可装一个固定件。立管底部的弯管处应设支墩或采用固定措施。

Ø Max interval between support of plastic pipes: unit: M

塑料排水管道支吊架最大间距：单位：M

Caliber 管径（mm） 50 75 110 160

Riser 立管 1.2 1.5 2.0 2.0

Transverse pipe横管 0.5 0.75 1.1 1.6